Monday, 2 February 2015

COCKROACHES.



COCKROACHES




ABOUT COCKROACHES.


  • Member class of Insecta
  • Three stage life cycle consisting egg, nymph and adult (incomplete metamorphosis)
  • Hardiness species - withstand radiation does 50 times which can kill a human.
  • Allergen to many people.
  • Travel between sources of disease pathogens ( toilet, sewers, garbage ) and food intended for human consumption.
  • Carry Salmonella, typhimurium, entamoeba histolytica and virus for poliomyelitis.
  • Eat almost everything.
  • Carry the organism on their feet, body hairs and mouthparts and in their intestines.
  • Also feed upon beer, cheese, leather and animals.
  • Like starchy items such as cereals, bakery product and dead animals.
  • They discharge a nauseating liquid from mouth and thoracic glands which imparts an unsavory odor and taste into infested food.
  • Do not fly but gliding motion.
  • They are active at night, appearing during daylight only if disturbed or very hungry.
  • Prefer life in warms, moist area as cracks and crevices near stoves, refrigerators, hot water heaters, coffee urns and warm water pipes.




AMAZING FACT ABOUT COCKROACHES.

  • Can run up to 3 miles an hour.
  • Can live for up to one week without head
  • Can hold their breath for up to 40 minutes 
  • Can live about two weeks without water
  • Can live about a month without food
  • Have been around since the time of dinosaurs
  • Female cockroaches only mate once and stay pregnant for life

THEY HAVE 3 TYPES OF COCKROACHES.

  1. American cockroaches.
  2. German cockroaches.
  3. Oriental cockroaches.

AMERICAN COCKROACH?

  • The largest of the cockroach pest species, the body of an adult American cockroach is 1.5 to 2 inches in length.
  • Color // reddish brown with a yellowish band behind the head.
  • They avoid cold area but will thrive outdoors in temperature above 80F
  • Subfloor, basement in sewers and other warm, dark, moist locations.
  • Indoors they often congregate around hot water pipes, fridge motors, boilers and other heating appliances.
  • Female American cockroach life upon to 1.5 years.
  • Incubation period of eggs 6 to 8 weeks


American cockroach.


GERMAN COCKROACH?

  • Adult are 1/2 inch. 5/8 inch long
  • Light to medium brown with 2 dark distinctive stripes behind the head.
  • The young ( nymph ) are wingless, smaller and much darker in color with a light stripe on their backs.
  • Will eat anything will stay close to food and water source.
  • Usually occur in bathrooms and kitchens. They like to hide-out during the day in tight secure places.
  • Daytime harborage areas are usually near a food and moisture source such as inside wall cavities, behind basebourds, cracks and crevices in pantry, kitchen and bathroom cupboards and under electrical, heating and cooking appliances.



German cockroach.



ORIENTAL COCKROACH.

  • Dark brown or black species
  • Less domesticated than most species 
  • Longest life cycle.
  • Have strong, repulsive odor.
  • Tends to favor colder climates.
  • Habitat include sewers, damp basement, outbuildings




                                    
Oriental cockroach.


FACT ABOUT ROACHES.

  • Some species capable of remaining active for a month without food
  • Some can go without air for 45 minutes or slow down their heart rate.
  • Cockroaches were able to recover from being submerged underwater for half an hour 
  • Cockroaches are among the hardest insects on planet.









#see you again and happy reading :D :D 





 

Sunday, 1 February 2015

INTRODUCTION TO VECTOR AND PEST MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION TO VECTOR AND PEST MANAGEMENT


WHAT IS A PEST ???


  • A pest is an animal which is detrimental to humans or human concerns.  It is a loosely defined term, often overlapping with the related terms vermin, weeds, parasites and pathogens.

TYPES OF PEST ??? 


Welcome Pest.
  •  Bees, flies and butterflies : carry pollen from plant to plant and help to pollinate flowers and crops. 
  • Ladybirds : eat caterpillars and aphides (greenflies and black flies) that kill plants. 
  •  Moth ; moth caterpillars make silk used to make clothes. 
  •  Dung beetles : beetles and flies clean up animal droppings and the rotting bodies of dead animals. 
  •  Honey bee : provide honey to eat and beeswax to polish furniture. 



Bee.


Unwelcome pest.







  •  Mosquitoes : spread diseases (e.g. malaria, dengue fever, JE, etc)







  •  Bees, wasps and hornets : painful sting – dangerous to some people.







  • Termites and woodworms ; damage furniture and buildings.







  •  Colorado beetles : eat and ruin potato crops.







  • Locusts : gather in huge groups can eat all plants. 







  •  Cockroaches : infest food stores and spread germs. 







  •  Rodents : transmit diseases and destroy materials







  • Bees, wasps and hornets : painful sting – dangerous to some people.







  •  Termites and woodworms : damage furniture and buildings. 







  • Colorado beetles : eat and ruin potato crops.







  •  Locusts : gather in huge groups can eat all plants. 







  •  Cockroaches : infest food stores and spread germs.







  •  Rodents : transmit diseases and destroy materials.








  • WHAT IS VECTOR ?

     Vector shall mean any insect or arthropod, rodent, or other animal which capable causing discomfort, injury or capable of harboring or transmitting the causative agents of disease to humans or domestic animals. Examples of vector are such as, mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, fleas and ticks are vectors of disease.

    Mosquitoes.


    PEST AND VECTOR CONTROL .
    • Identify
    • Reduce
    • Eliminate


    WHAT IS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ( IPM ) ?


    Integrated Pest Management is a process involving common sense and sound solutions for treating and controlling pests. Three basic steps:
    •  1) inspection 
    •  2) identification 
    •  3) treatment. 

    Optimum combination of control methods including :







  • Physical control - fly screens or trapping.
  • Cultural control - improving ventilation, hygiene and sanitation.
  • Biological control - parasites or predators to eradicate a particular pest.
  • Chemical control - appropriate pesticide


  • WHY USE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ?
    •  Physical control - fly screens or trapping.
    •  Cultural control - improving ventilation, hygiene and sanitation.
    •  Biological control - parasites or predators to eradicate a particular pest.
    •  Chemical control - appropriate pesticide

    The end. Thank you for reading my blog :)